Tips & Definitions:
Animation: Animation refers to the process in which each frame of a film or movie is produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly making small changes to a model (see claymation and stop motion), and then photographing the result. When the frames are strung together and the resulting film is viewed at a speed of 16 or more frames per second, there is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence of vision). Generating such a film is very labour intensive and tedious, though the development of computer animation has greatly sped up the process. Graphics file formats like GIF, MNG and Flash allow animation to be viewed on a computer or over the Internet.
Overview: Because animation is very time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, the majority of animation for TV and movies comes from professional animation studios. However, the field of independent animation has existed at least since the 1950s, with animation being produced by independent studios (and sometimes by a single person). Several independent animation producers have gone on to enter the professional animation industry. Limited animation is a way of increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by using "short cuts" in the animation process. This method was pioneered by UPA and popularized (some say exploited) by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by other studios as cartoons moved from movie theaters to television. It is also the basis of anime.
History of animation Main article: History of animation The history of film animation begins with the earliest days of silent film and continues through the present day. The first animated cartoon was from Frenchman Émile Reynaud, who created praxinoscope, animation system of 12 pictures, and films of about 500~600 pictures, projected on its own théatre optique, system near from modern film projector, at Musée Grévin in Paris, France, the october 28, 1892. The first animated cartoon on modern picture film projector was Fantasmagorie by the French director Émile Courtet (also called Émile Cohl), projected for the first time August 17, 1908 at 'Théâtre du Gymnase', in Paris. Émile Courtet went to Fort Lee, New York near New York City in 1912, where he worked for French studio Éclair and spread its technique in the US. The first puppet animated film was The Beautiful Lukanida (1910) by the Polish Director Wladyslaw Starewicz (Ladislas Starevich). The first animated feature-length film was El Apóstol (1917) from Argentine Quirino Cristiani, shown in Argentina. Because the history of animation as an art form has undergone many changes in its hundred-year history, it is examined in detail in the History of animation series.
Anime is Japanese animation, often characterized by stylized colorful images depicting vibrant characters in a variety of different settings and storylines, aimed at a variety of different audiences. Anime is influenced by the drawing style of manga, or Japanese comics. The word anime appears in written form in three katakana characters a, ni, me (???). Japanese pronunciation is /?nim?/, but in the United States and the United Kingdom, speakers typically pronounce the word as /'æn??mei/. The English word transliterates a Japanese term. The etymology is generally traced to an abbreviation of the Japanese transliteration of the English word "animation" (shortened, as many foreign words appear in Japanese). Some non-Japanese fans claim the word comes from the French animé ("animated") or "les dessins animés" (animated drawings.) Occasionally in English the word is seen written as animé, with an acute accent on the final e to let one know that it is pronounced, but this follows no standard transliteration scheme for Japanese.
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